organic chemistry I

Polar and non polar compounds
The characteristics of polar compounds:

     * soluble in water and other polar solvents
     * has polar and polar + -, result not
uneven distribution of electrons
has a free-electron pairs (if forms of molecules known) or a difference keelektronegatifan
Example: alcohol, HCl, PCl3, H2O, N2O5
Polar compounds are described as

The characteristics of non-polar compounds:

     * not soluble in water and other polar solvents
     * Do not have the + and the poles -, due to
uneven distribution of electrons
-do not have free electron pairs (if forms of molecules known) or the same keelektronegatifannya
Example: Cl2, PCl5, H2, N2
Non-polar compounds are described as
* polar compounds boiling point higher than the non-polar compounds
* The order of the boiling point, hydrogen bonding> dipole-dipole> non polar-non polar or hydrogen bonding> Van der Waals> london style 
* When both polar / non polar, a big Mr. boiling point greater
Carbon compounds similar to Mr., chain length C boiling point> branched chain (round)


hydrocarbon :
Hydrocarbons as well as other compounds have certain traits that both physical properties and chemical properties.
1) physical properties
    a. Melting and boiling points
        In hydrocarbons, the greater the relative molecular mass (the longer the chain) the boiling point, melting point, and the higher density. At room temperature gas tangible C1-C4, C5-C17 chain liquid and subsequent C-shaped solid. Isomer which has a branch will have a melting point and boiling point is lower.

   b. Solubility in water 
       All hydrocarbon solvents is difficult to dissolve in water, but soluble in nonpolar solvents such as CCl4

Hydrocarbon compounds are the most simple carbon compounds. From the name, the hydrocarbon compound is a compound composed of carbon atoms only hydrogen and carbon atoms. In everyday life we encounter many hydrocarbon compounds, such as kerosene, gasoline, natural gas, plastics and others.

Until now has been known for more than 2 million of hydrocarbon compounds. To facilitate the study of hydrocarbon compounds are so many, experts mengolongkan hydrocarbons based on the arrangement of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Based on the arrangement of carbon atoms in the molecule, carbon compounds are divided into 2 major categories, namely compound aliphatic and cyclic compounds. Aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds are compounds of carbon chain C is open and branched chain C is possible. Based on the amount of this bond, aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic compounds are divided into saturated and unsaturated.


Ethylene :
Fruits, especially the old release a gas called ethylene. Ethylene is synthesized by plants and cause a more rapid ripening process. In addition to ethylene produced by plants, there are synthetic ethylene, namely etepon (2-kloroetifosfonat acid). Synthetic ethylene are used on the traders to accelerate the ripening fruit.

In addition to stimulate ripening, ethylene also spur the germination of seeds, stems thicken, pushing the death of leaf, stem elongation and inhibit germination. In addition, ethylene delay flowering, reduce apical dominance and root initiation, stem elongation and inhibit germination.

Hormone Ethylene gas is a gaseous hormone that is active in plant life in the process of fruit ripening. Containing ethephon application, the performance of synthetic ethylen run optimally, so aim for ripe fruit can be achieved quickly. (example: Etephon, Protephon) trademarks, among others: Prothephon 480SL. Ethylene gas is found in many fruits that are old.

How it Works and Function Hormone Ethylene Gas:
-To encourage ripening,
Provide the opposite effect with some influence of the hormone auxin.
-To encourage or inhibit the growth and development of roots, leaves, stems, and flowers.
Apical-Meristem shoot tip, young leaves, embryos in seeds.